Web Development

PHP cURL Error 28: Find Where the Request Times Out Image

PHP PHP cURL Error 28: Find Where the Request Times Out

An API request normally finishes in a second, then intermittently fails with cURL error 28. Increasing the timeout is tempting. But a slow DNS lookup ...

PHPDoc Annotations: When to Use @param and @return Image

PHP PHPDoc Annotations: When to Use @param and @return

Comments are useful until they merely restate the next line of code. PHPDoc is more valuable when it records a function's contract: what callers must ...

Undefined Array Key in PHP 8: Handle Missing Fields Image

PHP Undefined Array Key in PHP 8: Handle Missing Fields

After moving to PHP 8, your logs may start showing Undefined array key warnings. Often the code assumes that every request contains a field that is ac...

PHP include Failed to Open Stream: Fix the File Path Image

PHP PHP include Failed to Open Stream: Fix the File Path

include(): Failed to open stream, often followed by Failed opening required, does not necessarily mean the file was deleted. PHP may simply be resolvi...

Composer Class Not Found: Check PSR-4 Paths and Case Image

PHP Composer Class Not Found: Check PSR-4 Paths and Case

Composer finishes installing dependencies, but the application reports Class "App\\Service\\MailSender" not found. The package may be present; the aut...

Before Upgrading PHP: A Practical Application Checklist Image

PHP Before Upgrading PHP: A Practical Application Checklist

Changing PHP in a hosting panel takes seconds. Finding the overlooked failure can take much longer: the home page loads, but login breaks, uploads fai...

PHP Upload Limits: upload_max_filesize vs post_max_size Image

PHP PHP Upload Limits: upload_max_filesize vs post_max_size

If a PHP upload form works with small files but returns an empty $_FILES for larger ones, separate two limits before changing application code. upload...

PHP 8.5 Features: Practical Examples You Can Run Image

PHP PHP 8.5 Features: Practical Examples You Can Run

Cleaning a string often means calling several functions in sequence. Changing part of a URL can mean rebuilding it by hand. PHP 8.5 adds tools for exp...

PDO MySQL SQLSTATE[HY000] [2002]: Socket or Connection? Image

PHP PDO MySQL SQLSTATE[HY000] [2002]: Socket or Connection?

When PDO reports SQLSTATE[HY000] [2002], changing the database password is not the first test to run. The PHP process may be unable to reach MySQL ove...

PHP Headers Already Sent: Find the First Output Image

PHP PHP Headers Already Sent: Find the First Output

You call header() to redirect a request, but the browser stays on the old page—or PHP refuses to set a cookie. A headers already sent warning usually ...

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